Feasibility of producing sodium hypochlorite for water disinfection. Sodium hypochlorite has a pronounced irritant effect and may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking 1. Most commercial production pro cesses react chlorine with caustic soda as in equation 1. Commercial sodium hypochlorite solution usually contains 10 to 15 percent of available chlorine at ambient temperatures. This dilution allowed the comparison of activity between sodium hypochlorite alone. On site electrochemical production of sodium hypochlorite disinfectant for a power plant utilizing seawater may 2012 international journal of electrochemical science 75.
Sodium hypochlorite is produced by intimate contact between caustic soda and chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite strength common hypochlorite sold in stores household bleach is 5. A process that decomposes a chemical compound into its elements or produces a new compound by the action of an electrical current. Sodium hypochlorite production cost reports q2 2020. The reaction produces a slurry of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate in an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite where the sodium hypochlorite is present in a concentration of at. Identification trade marks and synonyms sodium hypo chlorite, sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, sodium oxychloride chemical name sodium hypo chlorite physical form colourless to slightly yellow liquid with chlorine like odour molecular formula naocl. The effect of concentration of sodium chloride on the current efficiency, amount of chlorate formed. Sodium hypochlorite, 5% wv 7681529 listed on the united states tsca toxic substances control. Sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide naoh is often called caustic soda. Wash mop with detergent and hot water and allow it to dry.
Chlorine and the new caustic soda solution is reacted, which creates sodium hypochlorite. It is exothermic reaction and temperature is about 35 400c. Hypochlorite sodium production n o t solutions for the. Solutions of up to 40% sodium hypochlorite are available, but solid sodium hypochlorite is not commercially used. Whereas nsfansi 60 is a health effects standard for the chemical vendorsproducts, many recommendations from the southern nevada study relate to the storage, use and handling of sodium hypochlorite by water utilities. This is how much the compound is taken up by numbers. Liquid bleach, naocl is the active constituent in chlorine bleach, a strong oxidizer and bleaching agent. The chemical production process depicted below is a widely used process, similar to the one employed by solvay chemicals brussels, belgium. Sodium hypochlorite can also be used for pointofuse disinfection of drinking water, taking 0.
The utility model discloses a sodium hypochlorite solution production instrument which comprises a main case and an electrode plate component. If ingested sodium hypochlorite is poisonous, causes burns. The electrochemical synthesis of sodium hypochlorite in a membrane electrolyser equipped with an alumina zirconia ceramic membrane and comprising a. After 78 hours of chemical reaction, sodium hypochlorite naocl is produced. Industrial hypochlorite is 12 to 15 trade percent chlorine. The electro chemical production of hypochloric acid or sodium hypochlorite represents. Production capacity of calcium hypochlorite in 198990 in countries for which data were available are. J apanese production of sodi um hypochlorite 12% solution was 947 thousand tonnes in 1984, 954 in 1985, 99 in. Sodium hypochlorite chemical production chemical engineering.
It was later sold in glass bottles, but it wasnt until the early 1960s, that the plastic jug was introduced. Disinfectant in swimming pools, water treatment, waste. Calcium and magnesium calcium and magnesium come from the water that is used to dilute the sodium hydroxide during manufacture. Sodium hypochlorite solution approximately 4% wv available chlorine 1. Stability can be provided by sodium hydroxide excess. There is only one of each, and they each take up an even amount of space. Sodium hypochlorite an overview sciencedirect topics. The basic reactions involved in the electrogeneration of sodium hypochlorite and of sodium chlora. The product always contained a small excess of sodium hydroxide to avoid hydrolysis to hypochlorous acid. Making sodium hypochlorite in a factory in a factory like intratec, they use chlorine and caustic soda to chemically make sodium hypochlorite. See annex 4 for details as produced, sodium hypochlorite solutions generally contain between 1214% ww available chlorine. The stability of hypochlorite solution is greatly affected by heat, light, ph and presence of heavy metal cations which are present in caustic soda. The sodium hypochlorite slurries have improved stability and greatly reduced amounts of sodium chloride.
This compound has an extremely high ph when dissolved in water. In early commercial production, hypochlorite was made in a batch process, wherein chlorine gas or liquid is injected into a dilute caustic solution. We know that the compound of sodium hypochlorite is made up of 3 elements which are. Simulations were performed by means of the software phast. The anhydrous compound is unstable and may decompose explosively. Sodium hypochlorite market demand is expected to drive global demand for household applications as well as for industrial municipal water treatment applications. Safety data sheet according to 29cfr19101200 and ghs rev. Sodium hypochlorite, commonly referred to as bleach, has a variety of uses and is an excellent disinfectantantimicrobial agent. Sodium hypochlorite production equipment starting in 1964 with filtration since 1983 75% of naocl in us made on powell equipment 90% in canada significant production in other countries brazil, 80% mexico, 80% chile, taiwan, philippines, 65% costa rica, saudi arabia and others chlorine scrubbing and chlorine valve emergency shutoff systems. Sodium hypochlorite market share and statistics 2027. Risk analysis of sodium hypochlorite production process aidic. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of various factors in the production of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis. Chlorine and process monitoring systems also greatly improved in the twentieth century.
This product is commonly known as industrial bleach to distinguish it from the more common household bleach. Sodium hypochlorite naocl is a solution made from reacting chlorine with a sodium hydroxide solution. Safety data sheet sodium hypochlorite solution 12%. Seek immediate medical assistance inhalation if inhaled, remove from contaminated area avoid becoming a casualty. The production process of sodium hypochlorite consists of a first block where the chlorine, caustic soda and hydrogen are produced in an electrolytic cell from. Each study describes an industrial plant, including main process units and site infrastructure, and presents an independent analysis of capital and operating costs. The substances are included in the lous because of their harmonized classification. Primary amines and calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite react to form normal chloroamines, which are explosive. Firstaid measures description of first aid measures seek immediate medical attentionadvice. The training and employment of community members to operate the generator and distribute sodium hypochlorite solution further place the project in local hands. The synthesis reaction takes place under continuous operation in a liquid jet ejector. Sodium hypochlorite generation for household water disinfection. The chlorine is circulated through the caustic soda.
Apr 01, 20 the process the chlorination of caustic soda to sodium hypochlorite is an exothermic reaction. Production cost report sodium hypochlorite e11a sodium hydroxidee11a,chlorinee11a,calcium hypochlorite e11a sodium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite liquid bleach naocl sodium hypochlorite a. Sodium hypochlorite has been used as an endodontic irrigant and is one of the most common solutions for this purpose. Sodium hydroxide from this reaction it can be seen the highly reactive disinfectant hypochlorous acid is formed together with sodium hydroxide. Hypochlorite treatment chemicals specifications in nsf. Sodium hypochlorite production equipment starting in 1964 with filtration since 1983. Cn202786446u sodium hypochlorite solution production. Guidelines on disinfection of common public places. It may also be viewed as the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid. Interaction of ethyleneimine with sodium or other hypochlorite gives the explosive nchloro cmpd. Sodium hypochlorite solutions can easily decompose. Sodium hypochlorite solutions are clear, greenish to yellow liquids. Rt hypo forte, the electrochemical liquid bleach production technology provides safe and cost effective product of high purity, upto 12% strength sodium hy. Electrochemical production of sodium hypochlorite has advantages over chemical process.
Us5194238a process for the production of highly pure. Pdf on site electrochemical production of sodium hypochlorite. Identification trade marks and synonyms sodium hypo chlorite, sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, sodium oxychloride chemical name sodium hypo chlorite physical form colourless to slightly yellow liquid with chlorine. From an industrial perspective, olin offers a variety of different product strengths depending on industries served and local market demands with 12. As the hypochlorous acid is used up through disinfection the sodium hydroxide remains, gradually increasing the ph. Clean up spill and discard into infectious waste bin, and mop area with soap and hot water. Guidelines for disinfection of quarantine facility for. If sodium hypochlorite is used to oxidize iodide in a solution of acetic. Sodium hypochlorite environment, safety, health, and quality. Product identifier product name sodium hypochlorite solution 12% reach registration notes not registered not for sale in the eu cas number 7681529 eu index number 017011001 ec number 2316683 1. Sodium hypochlorite this was produced in solution by the usual method of passing chlorine through cold sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium hypochlorite solution aditya birla chemicals.
The electrical current is passed trough an electrolytic cell and oxidationreduction reactions occur at the electrodes. However, it should be noted that within the continuous sodium hypochlorite manufacturing group, individual methods of operation would affect the levels of chlorate produced during the reaction. Feasibility of producing sodium hypochlorite for water disinfection purpose using seawater. Continuous process from sodium chloride marsina engineering srl. Bleach the % concentrations for the above listed chemicals will vary from batch to batch. Although excess sodium hydroxide, all sodium hypochlorite solutions decomposes slowly by time. The effect of current density and temperature on current efficiency is discussed. Iron although some iron may come from the sodium hydroxide used in sodium hypochlorite production, other sources include unlined or inappropriate piping, pumps and or storage tanks. This paper analyses the evolution of hypochlorite as strong disinfectant.
At 1% concentration, sodium hypochlorite presents a surface tension equal to 75 dynescm, stickiness equal to 0. Hypochlorite production general information clorosur. Technical bulletin sodium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite solution is a greenishyellow liquid weighing approximately 10 lbs. This cheaper, lighter, and nonbreakable packaging alternative reduced transportation costs, provided safety to the workers involved in shipping. The reaction produces a slurry of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate in an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite where the sodium hypochlorite is present in a concentration of at least 35 percent by weight of naocl. Prepd by diluting with distilled water a soln of sodium hypochlorite, adding a 5% soln of sodium bicarbonate, nad adjusting to proper strength and concn according to procedure described in n. Clean the mop and mop area with 1% sodium hypochlorite. The chemical properties and mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite are.
Sodium hypochlorite manufacturing follows the chemical reaction below which combines caustic soda and chlorine to produce one mole of sodium chloride nacl. The sodium hypochlorite mass percent is found from the mass of sodium hypochlorite in 25. The dimensionally stable anode was developed by an independent scientist named henry beer in 1967. The appropriate concentration of sodium hypochlorite for disinfecting general liquid biological waste is 5000 ppm, approximately 0. Pdf sodium hypochlorite has been used as an endodontic irrigant and is one of the most common solutions for this purpose. Sodium hypochlorite solution grades are typically defined by differences in product assay andor alkalinity content. Sodium hypochlorite is produced for the treatment of cooling water cw. Varying concentrations of this solution have found a multitude of applications so that the general public is now well acquainted with the material. Km 32 mcarthur highway, guiguinto, bulacan 3015 6344794044445 180018886800 63447944104 2. In order to calculate how much sodium hypochlorite is required to replace the oxidizing power of chlorine, the following example is provided. Sodium hypochlorite is generally sold in aqueous solutions containing 5 to 15% sodium hypochlorite, with 0. Sodium hypochlorite naocl is the form of the hypochlorite that is reported on bleach bottles, not hypochlorous acid. Sodium hypochlorite production technical specifications.
Economic analysis of sodium hypochlorite production production cost comparison with the former production process in january 2002, production cost of bulk sodium hypochlorite solution was nrs3 4. Get more details on this report request free sample pdf asia pacific sodium hypochlorite market is estimated to reach over usd 105 million with a growth over 5. Assistant chemist, water purification works, columbus. First aid measures eye if in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water for at least 15 minutes. Concentrations listed represent the actual concentration range for each chemical. All reports are based on the most recent economic data available q2 2020. Increases in household bleach demand are driven mostly by population growth. The amount of oxygen gas coming up is a result of stability.
Pools using sodium hypochlorite tend to show a slow increase in ph over time. Poisonous vapor chlorine gas is corrosive to respiratory passages and may cause irritation of mouth, nose, and throat. Intratec solutions llc, 2005 caustic soda is also known as sodium hydroxide and its a compound that consists of sodium, oxygen and hydrogen. Feasibility of producing sodium hypochlorite for water. Influence factors in the electrolytic production of sodium. The reaction byproducts are sodium chloride salt, nacl and water h2o. Sodium hypochlorite bleach production plant youtube. The chief uncertainty with these solutions was that they might contain traces. Sodium hypochlorite poses explosive hazards associated with its complex reactive chemistry. Origins of chlorine production in 1831, english scientist michael faraday postulated the laws governing passing electric. Sodium hypochlorite can be produced by the electrolysis of brine a solution of sodium chloride in a fully mixed cell. Risk analysis of sodium hypochlorite production process.
The sample is taken out for checking chlorine percentage and only after q. Production of sodium hypochlorite in an electrolyser. Understanding sodium hypochlorite treatment plant operator. Dsa development simplified cell designs to allow cost efficient production of sodium hypochlorite onsite. The electrochemical production of hypochloric acid or sodium hypochlorite represents the best method to obtain a pure product. Production capacity of calcium hypochlorite in 198990 in countries for which data were available are presented in table 2. Sodium hypochlorite solutions have attained widespread use in. Sodium hypochlorite naclo is the active constituent in chlorine bleach, a strong oxidizer and bleaching agent. Aspects of electrochemical production of hypochlorite.
The reaction will happen instantly, and it can take place in a batch of 14,000 gallons, or can be done in a continuous reactor how bleach is made, 2007. These two reactants are the major coproducts from most chloralkali cells. Thyristor controlled rectifier units provide lv variable voltage dc supplies to the cells, thereby controlling the rate of production of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis within the cells. Guidelines for preparation of 1% sodium hypochlorite solution product available chlorine 1percent sodium hypochlorite liquid bleach 3. Production of sodium hypochlorite entrepreneur india. Sodium hypochlorite bleach was first introduced to americans in 1909 in steel containers. Production of organically bound chlorine in the united states. Pdf this investigation deals with the application of electrochemical technology for the onsite generation of sodium hypochlorite naocl from. Sodium hypochlorite 12% product codes anchem sales. This handbook will discuss sodium hypochlorite solutions. Sea water is pumped through strainers to banks of electrochiorination cells.
829 153 596 7 11 1150 1416 874 37 1544 255 709 756 1532 440 365 104 1227 328 635 827 1082 1538 432 426 272 636 603 98 25 1523 53 114 888 451 356 205 1098